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            <title type="main" n="TL-lecture-44">Lecture XLIV (Nr. 0594)</title>
            <title type="sub">Religion and Culture Project</title>
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            <p>Transcript of a Lecture by <persName>Paul Tillich</persName> by <persName>Peter H. John</persName></p>
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                <date when-iso="1956-04-26">1956-04-26</date>
                <date type="term">Semester II</date>
                <placeName>Harvard University</placeName>
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              <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_2" n="N002"/>of <rs type="keyword" ref="#Marxism">Marx’</rs><rs type="person" ref="#tillich_person_id__1275">s</rs> analysis. His analysis shows structures in which everybody is involved, but in which also
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_3" n="N003"/>saving elements can be discovered, and he saw them in an almost <rs type="keyword" ref="#Christ">Christ</rs>-like character of the
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_4" n="N004"/>proletariat of the 19th century—a phenomenon which you don’t know because it doesn't exist
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_5" n="N005"/>in this way in this country, but it certainly did exist in the middle of the 19th century in England
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_6" n="N006"/>and <rs type="keyword" ref="#Europe">Europe.</rs> There he saw the saving possibilities and gave an analysis so convincing of the
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_7" n="N007"/>inescapable structure <emph rend="allcaps">within</emph> the capitalist system that it changed the surface of the world
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_8" n="N008"/>in <emph rend="allcaps">all</emph> sections of the world, as the 20th century has shown.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_9" n="N009"/>Now this is the other side of the rediscovery of the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Demonic">demonic:</rs> structures of destruction
              <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_10" n="N010"/>which we cannot escape.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_11" n="N011"/>Now this sounds again very much pessimistic-<rs type="keyword" ref="#Luther">Lutheran</rs>-negativistic, and seems to exhort
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_12" n="N012"/>us to look up and not forward. But this was not our attitude. We said: No, there is a special
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_13" n="N013"/>demon, which we know.
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_14" n="N014"/>It is one <emph rend="allcaps">special</emph>, only—others will follow. But this, we have to fight.
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_15" n="N015"/>This is the way in which the presence of the divine <rs type="keyword" ref="#Power">power</rs> in the world must express itself, in fighting
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_16" n="N016"/>a concrete <rs type="keyword" ref="#Demonic">demonic</rs> force. We saw it first mostly in the capitalism of the 19th century, then more
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_17" n="N017"/>in the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Nationalism">nationalism</rs> of the early 20th century, which led to <rs type="keyword" ref="#Nazism">Nazism</rs> where we had a fully developed
              <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_18" n="N018"/><emph rend="allcaps">unambiguous</emph> expression of the demonic.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_19" n="N019"/>Now all this meant something which we find <rs type="keyword" ref="#Mythological">mythologically</rs> expressed in the last book
               <lb facs="#facs_120_tr_1_tl_20" n="N020"/>of the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Bible">Bible.</rs> There we find that the fight of the angelic <rs type="keyword" ref="#Power">powers</rs> against the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Demonic">demonic</rs> powers leads to
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                  <persName>Marx, Karl</persName>
                  <occupation>Ökonom</occupation>
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                     <p>Marx, Karl (5.5.1818 Trier – 14.3.1883 London) war ein deutscher Philosoph und Gesellschaftstheoretiker. Er stammte aus einer jüdischen, später evangelisch getauften Familie, studierte in Bonn und Berlin und promovierte 1841 in Jena. Nach journalistischer Tätigkeit in Köln lebte er ab 1843 im Exil, zunächst in Paris, wo er Friedrich Engels begegnete, mit dem er 1848 das Kommunistische Manifest veröffentlichte. Seit 1849 lebte er in London, wo er trotz Krankheit und Armut publizistisch arbeitete und von Engels finanziell unterstützt wurde. Marx entwickelte den historischen Materialismus, analysierte ökonomische Gesellschaftsformationen und prägte die Arbeiterbewegung nachhaltig. Seine Schriften machten ihn zum Haupttheoretiker des Sozialismus und zu einer Schlüsselfigur der Moderne.</p>
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