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            <title type="main" n="TL-lecture-28">Lecture XXVIII (Nr. 0353)</title>
            <title type="sub">Religion and Culture Project</title>
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            <p>Transcript of a Lecture by <persName>Paul Tillich</persName> by <persName>Peter H. John</persName></p>
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                <date when-iso="1956-02-21">1956-02-21</date>
                <date type="term">Semester II</date>
                <placeName>Harvard University</placeName>
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              <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_2" n="N002"/>6) <rs type="person" ref="#tillich_person_id__3095">Chirico:</rs> <rs type="painting" ref="#tillich_painting_id__34"><emph rend="allcaps italic">Melancholy and Mystery of a Street</emph></rs>—This is surrealism. Surrealism
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_3" n="N003"/>has the character that the elements of it are almost photographic, as for instance this building, but
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_4" n="N004"/>that the composition of these elements is an expression of the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Unconscious">unconscious</rs> elements in ourselves
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_6" n="N005"/>which are in us and in which we receive the world. A way quite different from our <rs type="keyword" ref="#Consciousness">conscious</rs> <rs type="keyword" ref="#Encounter">encounter.</rs>
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_7" n="N006"/>And these unconscious elements show an abyss below the world of conscious encounter, which is
              <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_8" n="N007"/>revealed in this kind of surrealistic pictures.</p>
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              <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_9" n="N008"/>7) <rs type="person" ref="#tillich_person_id__3910">Tanguy:</rs> <rs type="painting" ref="#tillich_painting_id__35"><emph rend="allcaps italic">Heredity of Acquired Characteristics</emph></rs>—Here you have the same thing,
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_10" n="N009"/>but perhaps something else added to it. If you ask me, I cannot answer, and I will not answer, but
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_12" n="N010"/>I will answer with something else, what this picture means for me: it means possibilities
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_13" n="N011"/>of things in <rs type="keyword" ref="#Time">time</rs> and <space/>space which do not appear there, but are results of the continuing <rs type="keyword" ref="#Creativity">creativity</rs>
              <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_14" n="N012"/>of man. We will come back to this in one of our great sculptures, in one of the next pictures.</p>
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              <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_15" n="N013"/>8) <rs type="person" ref="#tillich_person_id__3095">Chirico,</rs> <rs type="painting" ref="#tillich_painting_id__36"><emph rend="allcaps italic">The Consoler</emph></rs>—Now here the problem, why I used this, was the disappearance
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_16" n="N014"/>of the human face. There we have a great problem in <rs type="keyword" ref="#Modern_Art">modern art</rs>. I spoke very intensively about the
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_1_tl_17" n="N015"/>question of portrait, the last time. And I said that the portrait expresses the incomparable uniqueness
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_2_tl_1" n="N001"/>of the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Individual">individual </rs>person in the <rs type="keyword" ref="#Eternity">eternal</rs> dimension. Now here this face is gone, and the difficulty
              <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_2_tl_2" n="N002"/>of <emph rend="allcaps">all</emph> <rs type="keyword" ref="#Expressionistic_Art">expressionistic art</rs> is that the portrait is supposed to be similar—i.e., <rs type="keyword" ref="#Naturalism">naturalism</rs>—and that
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_2_tl_3" n="N003"/>at the same time, as a work of art, it is supposed to express, whereby the naturalistic surface is
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_2_tl_4" n="N004"/>disrupted or, as here, completely disappears. These of you who have read a little about it know
               <lb facs="#facs_69_tr_2_tl_5" n="N005"/>that there is a controversy—some <rs type="keyword" ref="#Roman_Catholicism">Catholic</rs> authorities take the point that the human face is divinely
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                  <title>Melancholy and Mystery of a Street</title>
                  <author key="#tillich_person_id__3095">de Chirico, Giorgio</author>
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                  <title>The Consoler</title>
                  <author key="#tillich_person_id__3095">de Chirico, Giorgio</author>
                  <ref type="wikidata_image">https://uploads5.wikiart.org/images/giorgio-de-chirico/the-one-consolation-1958.jpg!Large.jpg</ref>
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               <bibl xml:id="tillich_painting_id__35">
                  <title>Heredity of Acquired Characteristics</title>
                  <author key="#tillich_person_id__3910">Tanguy, Yves</author>
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                  <persName>Tanguy, Yves</persName>
                  <note type="bio">
                     <p>Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (5. Januar 1900 – 15. Januar 1955) war ein französischer Maler des Surrealismus. Mit seinen traumhaften, amorphen Landschaften aus schwebenden Formen und unbestimmten Räumen schuf er eine unverwechselbare Bildsprache zwischen Traum und Kosmos. Seine Werke, geprägt von technischer Präzision und poetischer Rätselhaftigkeit, zählen zu den bedeutendsten Beiträgen des Surrealismus im 20. Jahrhundert.</p>
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                  <persName>de Chirico, Giorgio</persName>
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                     <p>Chirico, Giorgio de (10.7.1888 Volos, Griechenland – 20.11.1978 Rom). Während seines Kunststudiums in München geriet de Ch. unter den Einfluß dt. Philos. und Lit., v.a. F.Nietzsches. Seit 1912 stellte er im Salon d'Automne und seit 1913 auf dem Salon des Indépendants aus. Während des Krieges schrieb er für die programmatische Zeitschrift »Valori Plastici«. Er gilt als Begründer der metaphysischen Malerei. Seine Bilder zeichnen sich durch visionäre und gleichzeitig abstrahierende, teils mythologische Inhalte in altmeisterlicher Malweise aus. Sein vor den 20er Jahren entstandenes Werk beeinflußte den Surrealismus, mit dessen Vertretern de Ch. jedoch polemische Auseinandersetzungen führte. Während seines bis zum Tod anhaltenden Schaffens schuf er neben diesem eigentlichen Hauptwerk surrealistische und fast klassizistische Werke.</p>
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