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            <title type="main" n="TL-lecture-09">Lecture IX (Nr. 0089)</title>
            <title type="sub">Religion and Culture Project</title>
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               <persName key="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7356-6162">JJ Warren</persName>
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            <p>Transcript of a Lecture by <persName>Paul Tillich</persName> by <persName>Peter H. John</persName></p>
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                <date when-iso="1955-10-27">1955-10-27</date>
                <date type="term">Semester I</date>
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               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_2" n="N002"/>immediately—but I don't follow this immediacy now in this moment—to the limits of
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_3" n="N003"/>scientific analysis. Scientific analysis is analysis by that kind of abstraction which can
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_4" n="N004"/>be verified technically. But it never goes beyond this. And about this we must think
              <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_5" n="N005"/>later on.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_6" n="N006"/>Second: The relationship of <rs type="keyword" ref="#Technology">technology</rs> and the arts. The first point
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_7" n="N007"/>I want to make here is the intrinsic duty of the perfect <rs type="keyword" ref="#Machine">machine</rs>. 
              <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_8" n="N008"/>“Intrinsic”—<rs type="person" ref="#tillich_person_id__80">Aristotle</rs> called this <foreign xml:lang="gre">ἐντελέχεια</foreign>, “entelechy,” the inner aim. And <rs type="person" ref="#tillich_person_id__1020">Kant</rs> has used this
              <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_9" n="N009"/>idea of the inner aim—I would prefer the Greek word <foreign xml:lang="gre">τέλος</foreign>, the inner <hi style="font-style: italic;">telos</hi> of a thing—in
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_10" n="N010"/>order to compare organic structures, aesthetic structures, and machine structures.
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_11" n="N011"/>In all of them there is an inner form which is at the same time the form of beauty.
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_12" n="N012"/><rs type="keyword" ref="#Beauty">Beauty</rs>, in this sense, is the adequacy of the special part to the inner life of a thing.
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_13" n="N013"/>In this sense we can say: the perfect machine doesn't only serve its end—that, she
              <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_14" n="N014"/>also does—but it also shows the beauty of the inner purposefulness it has.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_15" n="N015"/>Therefore a machine shouldn’t be trimmed with assumedly beautiful
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_16" n="N016"/>additions—this makes it ugly, because it prevents us from seeing the inner meaning
              <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_17" n="N017"/>of its structure. This is the one side.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_18" n="N018"/>The other side is the unity of <rs type="keyword" ref="#Art">art</rs> and tool. Now this is a very interesting
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_19" n="N019"/>philosophical problem and has, for instance, religious speaking, immediate consequences
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_20" n="N020"/>for the problem of church buildings. In the primitive magic relationship to the tool,
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_21" n="N021"/>we have a kind of identity between the religious and the technical. The tool can become
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_22" n="N022"/>a fetish. It can be laden with magic power, and therefore formed in such a way that
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_23" n="N023"/>the magic power is expressed in the form it gets. This is possible because the primitive
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_24" n="N024"/>tool is in a vital relationship to man. But this identity of the religious, the artistic
              <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_25" n="N025"/>and the technical, disappeared because of the machine-production of tools and ends.</p>
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               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_26" n="N026"/>But there are two realms to which I want to draw your attention,
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_27" n="N027"/>from a religious point of view, in which there is still a fight going on between the
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_28" n="N028"/>possibility of their becoming in the image of a machine, or in the image of a magic
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_29" n="N029"/>tool. These two are “clothing” and “home.” Both are in a great analogy. Clothing
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_30" n="N030"/>and home adapt the human body to the realities of the external world—clothes,
               <lb facs="#facs_89_tr_1_tl_31" n="N031"/>more directly and intimately; the house, farther away, but also so that it creates
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                  <persName>Kant, Immanuel</persName>
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                     <p>Immanuel Kant (22. April 1724 – 12. Februar 1804) war der einflussreichste Denker des Zeitalters der Aufklärung und Gründungsfigur einer kritischen Denkweise. Aus bescheidenen Familienverhältnissen kommend und in pietistischer Tradition aufgewachsen, absolvierte er sein Studium in seiner Heimatstadt und baute dort ab 1770 eine akademische Karriere auf. Die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Rousseau und Hume führte zur Entfaltung seiner drei Hauptwerke: das erste behandelt die Grundlagen der Erkenntnis und des transzendentalen Idealismus, das zweite formuliert eine Ethik basierend auf universalen Handlungsprinzipien, das dritte untersucht ästhetische Erfahrung und natürliche Zweckmäßigkeit. Durch diese Werke etablierte er ein philosophisches System, das Wissen, ethische Verpflichtung und organische Natur alle in der menschlichen Vernunft verankert, und wirkte damit prägend auf die nachfolgende idealistische Tradition und das zeitgenössische Denken.</p>
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                  <persName>Aristoteles</persName>
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                        <placeName>Stagira</placeName>
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                  <death>
                     <date>-0322</date>
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                        <placeName>Chalkide</placeName>
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                  <idno type="gnd">https://d-nb.info/gnd/118650130</idno>
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                     <p>Aristoteles (384/383 v. Chr. – 322 v. Chr.) war ein griechischer Philosoph und Universalgelehrter. Von 367 bis 348 v. Chr. studierte und lehrte er an Platons Akademie, wirkte danach am Hof des Hermias von Atarneus und ab 343/342 als Erzieher Alexanders des Großen. 335 v. Chr. gründete er in Athen das Lykeion, wo er Logik, Metaphysik, Naturforschung, Ethik, Politik und Rhetorik zu einem systematischen Wissenskorpus ordnete und so das Fundament zahlreicher Disziplinen prägte. Nach Alexanders Tod zwang ihn eine antimakedonische Bewegung 323 zum Rückzug nach Chalkis, wo er ein Jahr später starb.</p>
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